The pressure applied on the writing surface, especially the paper while writing, results in indentation marks on the paper and subsequent paper sheets placed beneath the writing paper, and this is called indented writing.
Ink is a colored liquid that is used to write or draw on paper. The inks can be in aqueous, powder, or paste form. Inks were first discovered by the Egyptians who used to write and draw things. Another big contribution to ink discoveries and development was the Chinese. In Read more…
Paper is one of the pieces of evidence encountered in a criminal case including murder, forgery, fraud, or suicide since it is one of the common writing surfaces for any person. Therefore, its examination is important to provide accurate data after analysis. Paper is a thin sheet made from wood Read more…
Questioned documents are defined as any document whose origin or source comes into question in the course of the investigation. Questioned document examination is one of the integral parts of forensic examination where scientific pattern-based comparisons of the documents are conducted. The examination of questioned documents involves the non-destructive analysis Read more…
Although both forgery and counterfeiting may sound similar as both are done with the intent of deceiving, there is a difference between both. The difference between forgery and counterfeiting is that forgery is difficult to sometimes spot with naked eyes, while counterfeits can sometimes be detected physically. Forgery deals with Read more…
When a spy or any agent has to send any secret message, they transfer it through written text to conceal their writings. Some precise methods are used to hide the written text, i.e., secret inks. It can be deciphered using specific techniques. In the upcoming sections of this article, we Read more…
When a question arises on the identity of writing a document or its genuineness, the expert will need to compare it with other documents of known origin. Such documents are called standards. These standards provide the reliability and validity of the questioned documents. In this article, we will study how Read more…
In the era of the developing world, there has been a lot of development in the ways of money transfer. People usually prefer documents over cash to prevent counterfeiting. But this way of money transfer is not secured as well. Forgers generally forge the signatures on cheques or documents. In Read more…
When a person tries to change his handwriting, he attempts to produce a concord that they are unfamiliar with. He might do this because he doesn’t want to recognise being the writer of a questioned document. This article will know the common characteristics of disguised handwriting when an individual tries Read more…
When visiting a crime scene, if the investigator finds a document as evidence, he will carefully collect and preserve the document. He will send it to the laboratory for its paper and ink analysis through a maintained chain of custody. This article will learn about the methods used for paper Read more…
An erasure is a type of document alteration used by forgers to change the document’s meaning for any extraneous gains or profits. The forger erases any part of the document by any means. In this article, we’ll know the ways of creating erasures and the ways of its detection. The Read more…
The handwriting identification is the most important branch of the questioned document. It may be necessary to identify signature or the handwriting in the document is genuine, traced, or disguised. However, before identifying the handwriting, you should know about its principles as well. In this article, we will be discussing Read more…
Handwriting is also known as Brainwriting. It is a neuro-muscular task. When the brain and spinal cord coordinates perfectly with the muscles and bones of our hand, a particular letter is written. If any of them does not coordinate perfectly, we can observe tremors in the strokes. This makes the Read more…
Many of us write letters, applications, findings, reports, judgments, and opinions. Cheques, Drafts with signatures are generally issued, forms, register, etc. All of them are necessary for individual, official, legal, business, or professional purpose. Certificates are issued by authorities to establish a date of birth and death, legal notes, driving Read more…
Charred documents are the burnt documents that have turned black and fragile due to the application of excessive heat to the documents. The decipherment and handling of charred documents is one of the complex problems in questioned documents examination. Deciphering a burnt document has turned to be of great importance Read more…
